If you've canceled your QuickBooks Online subscription (QBO), you'll have read-only access to your financial data for 365 days. Within a year you can view and export your last year's transactions to Excel. However, if you re-subscribe after a year, you won't be able to access your previous data.
If you've canceled your QuickBooks Online account during the free trial, you only have 90 days to access your data. Once the given time is up, Intuit cleans out the data from canceled accounts.