Did you encounter any error messages when processing the payment? Adding additional details will help me check the cause of this. A screenshot would be a great help too.
Unexpected behavior when processing payments in QuickBooks are sometimes caused by a browser-related issue. The stored cache can affect the performance of the program.
To resolve this, I'd suggest logging in to your QuickBooks Online account via a private window. This doesn't use the existing cache files, which makes it a good place to determine if there's an issue with the browser.
Here are the keyboard shortcuts:
Safari: Command + Shift + N
Google Chrome: CTRL + Shift + N
Mozilla Firefox or Microsoft Edge: CTRL + Shift + P
Once logged in, process the payment again. If it works, let's clear the browser's cache. This removes its stored cache to ensure the program performs efficiently.
If private browsing doesn't work, I'd recommend using other supported browsers. They'll provide the best and most secure experience with QuickBooks.
Additionally, I've added these resources that'll help you learn more about paying or filing state and federal payroll taxes online: