We can start by restarting your phone and checking your network signal. It's also possible that your mobile number isn't the default option in QuickBooks Online(QBO) for sending a text message verification code. To verify, here's how:
Log in to your QBO account.
Click Sign in & security from the left menu.
Select Set up and make sure your phone number is correct.
Choose Text message so you'll receive a six-digit verification code.
Tap Continue and enter the code, then select Continue.
If the issue persists, you can use your email address to receive the code.